“Neutralino and Chargino Detection Strategies in HL-LHC Data: Advances and Challenges"

Abstract

The search for supersymmetric (SUSY) particles remains one of the central pursuits in high-energy particle physics. Supersymmetry, a theoretical extension of the Standard Model (SM), posits that each particle has a heavier superpartner differing by half a unit of spin. Despite its theoretical elegance and its capacity to solve several unresolved issues such as the hierarchy problem, gauge coupling unification, and providing a candidate for dark matter, supersymmetry has not yet been confirmed experimentally. However, the ongoing and upcoming high-luminosity runs at the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) offer a promising avenue for exploring a wider parameter space of supersymmetric models. This review delves into the status of SUSY particle searches using high-luminosity collider data. It summarizes the key findings from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations during LHC Run 2 and Run 3, as well as projections for the HL-LHC era. Special attention is given to the detection strategies for various SUSY particles such as squarks, gluinos, neutralinos, and sleptons, and how these strategies adapt under high pile-up and background conditions inherent to high-luminosity operations. Data analysis techniques involving machine learning, deep neural networks, and precision background estimation are also discussed. Furthermore, this review explores how high-luminosity collider data improves sensitivity to rare SUSY signatures, including long-lived particles (LLPs) and compressed mass spectra. The implications of null results in current searches are critically examined with respect to constrained models such as CMSSM and phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM). The synergy between collider searches, dark matter experiments, and indirect constraints from flavor physics is also highlighted. By synthesizing recent data and projections, this article aims to provide a detailed, up-to-date resource on the pursuit of supersymmetry in the high-luminosity era of collider physics.