Environmental Security in Focus: Challenges and Insights from Iran’s Experience

Abstract

In the past, national security was predominantly defined in terms of military security. However, today the prominence of military security has diminished, with environmental issues emerging as central concerns for world leaders and policymakers at both national and international levels. This article seeks to explore the impact of environmental challenges on national security, focusing on the question: How do contemporary climatic and environmental changes affect national security? Security studies hold a vital position within political science and international relations, and environmental protection is increasingly recognized as a crucial dimension of security. Throughout history, natural phenomena such as droughts, floods, earthquakes, storms, and other environmental disturbances have posed significant security threats to human societies and have been major causes of mortality. In modern societies, however, advancements in technology, trade, industry, high energy consumption, labor specialization, and the expanding influence of social organizations have greatly affected human security by intensifying environmental problems. In the context of Iran, issues such as water scarcity and air pollution are particularly urgent and critical, bearing significant implications for national security.