The Influence of Knee Muscle Strength on Balance and Mobility in Young Recreational Football Players with and Without Generalized Joint Hypermobility

Abstract

Background: Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH) is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by increased joint laxity, potentially leading to greater injury risk in athletes. Understanding its influence on knee muscle strength, balance, and mobility is critical for injury prevention and performance optimization.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of GJH on knee strength, balance, and mobility among young recreational football players and explore the associated risk of injury.

Methods: Twenty male recreational football players from a Saudi Arabian university participated. They were categorized into GJH and non-GJH groups using the Beighton Score. Knee muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer, while knee range of motion (ROM) and balance were assessed through MSBET. Mobility was tested via three functional measures: the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Stair Climb Test (SCT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Statistical comparisons between groups were conducted using t-tests and ANOVA. Participants also self-reported their physical activity levels.

Results: The GJH group showed significantly reduced knee strength, balance, and mobility compared to the non-GJH group (p < 0.05), along with higher injury incidence.

Conclusion: GJH negatively affects knee function and increases injury risk. Targeted strength and balance training may help mitigate these risks in affected athletes.