Perception of Smoking, Vaping, and Passive Smoking Hazards Among Medical, Dental & Nursing Students and Paramedical Staff in Four Tertiary Level Hospitals of India

Abstract

Background: Tobacco smoking, electronic cigarette (vaping) use, and exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) remain significant public health concerns worldwide. Health professionals’ perception of these hazards influences their clinical practices and preventive counselling roles.

Objectives: To assess and compare the perception of smoking, vaping, and passive smoking hazards among undergraduate medical (MBBS) students & interns, dental (BDS) students, nursing students, and paramedical staff in four tertiary level hospitals in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 participants: 50 MBBS students & interns, 50 BDS students, 50 nursing students, and 50 paramedical staff (nurses and technicians). A validated self-administered questionnaire assessed knowledge of health risks, attitudes toward smoking and vaping, and awareness of passive smoking hazards.

Results: A majority recognized that cigarette smoking causes serious diseases (95%). Awareness of vaping risks was lower, with 68% acknowledging potential harms. Perception of passive smoking as a serious hazard was high overall (90%) but significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). Nursing students and paramedical staff showed higher levels of uncertainty regarding vaping compared to MBBS and BDS students.

Conclusion: While perception of traditional smoking and passive smoking hazards was high among all groups, understanding of vaping risks was comparatively lower. Targeted educational interventions are needed across all health professional groups, especially regarding emerging nicotine delivery systems.