Patient-Reported Barriers to Physical Activity Post-Surgery: A Multicentric Questionnaire-Based Study in India

Abstract

Background: Physical activity after surgery is crucial for recovery, prevention of complications, and improvement in overall health outcomes. However, many patients fail to resume adequate physical activity due to multiple physical, psychological, and environmental barriers. Understanding these patient-reported barriers can help healthcare providers design effective rehabilitation strategies.

Objective:
To assess patient-reported barriers to physical activity following surgery in patients treated at tertiary care institutions in India.

Methods:
A multicentric questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted across two medical colleges, two dental colleges, and one private hospital in India. Data collection was performed by 50 MBBS medical students & interns, 50 BDS dental students, 50 nursing students, and 50 hospital staff (nurses and technicians). Adult postoperative patients attending follow-up clinics were invited to complete a 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire assessing physical, psychological, social, and healthcare-related barriers to physical activity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.

Results:
A total of 500 postoperative patients participated. The most frequently reported barriers were postoperative pain (68%), fear of injury or complications (55%), fatigue (52%), and lack of guidance from healthcare professionals (46%). Psychological barriers such as anxiety and lack of motivation were also common. Statistical analysis showed significant associations between pain severity and reduced physical activity levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Postoperative pain, fear of complications, fatigue, and inadequate counseling were major barriers to physical activity after surgery. Addressing these barriers through patient education, structured rehabilitation programs, and multidisciplinary support may improve postoperative recovery and quality of life.