Awareness of Early Signs of Head and Neck Cancers among Medical Students and Hospital Staff in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute a major public health burden in India, accounting for nearly 26–30% of all cancers. Early detection significantly improves survival; however, awareness of early warning signs remains suboptimal.

Objective: To assess awareness regarding early signs of head and neck cancers among medical students and hospital staff.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 250 participants including MBBS students/interns (n=100), BDS students (n=50), nursing students (n=50), and hospital staff (n=50). The study was conducted across 2 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 2 nursing colleges, and 3 hospitals in India. A structured 15-item Likert scale questionnaire was used.

Results: Overall adequate awareness was found in 62% participants. MBBS students showed highest awareness (78%), while hospital staff had comparatively lower awareness (48%). Knowledge of key symptoms like non-healing ulcers (70%) and neck swelling (65%) was moderate, but awareness of voice change (52%) and numbness/bleeding (45%) was lower.

Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness among healthcare trainees, significant gaps exist, especially among hospital staff. Targeted educational interventions are needed.